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Rev Clin Periodoncia Implantol Rehabil Oral. 2008;1:17-22
TRABAJO DE INVESTIGACIÓN [PDF]

Estudio Comparativo del Efecto del Macrodiseño en la Estabilidad Primaria del Implante Oseointegrado

Comparative Study of the Effect of the Macroscopic Design in the Primary Stability of the Osseointegrated Implant

C.E. Nappe Abaroa1, C. Montoya Bacigalupo2

1Cirujano Dentista, Ayudante de la asignatura de Periodoncia de la Universidad Mayor. Departamento de Periodoncia Universidad Mayor. Chile
2Cirujano Dentista, especialista en periodoncia, Director del área de Implantología del programa de especialización en Periodoncia e Implantología de la Universidad Mayor. Departamento de Periodoncia Universidad Mayor. Chile

Resumen

Los implantes óseointegrados son cada día mas utilizados y las ultimas técnicas de instalación de estos implantes apuntan principalmente a la carga inmediata, para la cual es de vital importancia la estabilidad primaria del implante recién instalado y alcanzarla es un desafío en hueso de baja densidad. Es sabido que varios factores ya sean del paciente o del implante van a afectar esta estabilidad primaria. Uno de estos factores es el diseño macroscópico del implante, cuyo efecto en la estabilidad primaria en hueso de mala calidad fue estudiado en este trabajo, con el fin de determinar si existe alguna diferencia en la estabilidad primaria lograda entre implantes cilíndricos y cónicos, mediante un modelo in vitro de hueso de porcino de calidad tipo III/IV. Para esto, 12 implantes oseoíntegrados marca Lifecore Biomedicals, 6 cilíndricos y 6 cónicos, fueron instalados en vértebras frescas de porcino. Una vez hecho esto fueron registrados los torques de inserción y remoción de estos implantes, y las características radiográficas de la interfase hueso/implante fueron observadas. Los implantes cónicos exhibieron valores de torque final de inserción y torque de remoción significativamente mayores que los implantes cilíndricos (p= 0,012 y p= 0,032 respectivamente). Al análisis radiográfico se observó un mayor BIC para los implantes cónicos que para los cilíndricos, concluyéndose que los implantes cónicos presentan una mayor estabilidad primaria que los cilíndricos, cuando son instalados en hueso de mala calidad.

Palabras clave: implante, estabilidad primaria, diseño macroscópico, torque, contacto hueso /implante.

Abstract

Osseointegrated implants are every day more used and the last installation techniques of these implants aim mostly to immediate loading, for which is of vital importance the primary stability of the implant and achieving it is a challenge in low density bone. It is known that many factors, from the patient itself or from the implant can affect the primary stability. One of these factors is the macroscopic design of the implant, and its effect on the primary stability in poor quality bone, was studied in this work to determinate if there is a difference in the primary stability between conical and cylindrical implants, using an in vitro model of porcine bone, emulating class III/IV bone. With this purpose, 12 Lifecore Biomedicals implants, 6 cylindrical and 6 conical, where installed in fresh porcine vertebrae. After that, peak insertion an removal torque, of all the implants, were measured and the radiographic characteristics of the bone/implant interface were observed. Conical implants showed significantly bigger peak insertion and removal torque values than cylindrical implants (p= 0,012 and p= 0,032 respectively). At the radiographic analysis was observed a bigger BIC for the conical implants than for the cylindrical, concluding that conical implants present a bigger primary stability than the cylindrical implants, when both are installed in poor quality bone.

Key words: implant, primary stability, macroscopic design, torque, bone/implant contact.

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Trabajo recibido el 21/10/2007.
Aprobado para su publicación el 07/02/2008.

CORRESPONDENCIA AUTOR
Christian Nappe Abaroa
Departamento de Periodoncia, Facultad de Odontología Universidad Mayor. Chile.
c_nappe@hotmail.com

Copyright © 2008.
Sociedad de Periodoncia de Chile, Sociedad de Implantología Oral de Chile y Sociedad de Prótesis y Rehabilitación Oral de Chile.